Research - Ulcer
Tiao He Yi Wei Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice
Jinfu Yao
Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
Abstract
Tiao He Yi Wei granule (DHYW), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of gastric ulcer in clinical setting. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of DHYW and explore the underlying mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. The model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice was induced by ethanol (0.2 mL/kg). Administration of DHYW at the doses of 250, 500 mg/kg body weight prior to the ethanol ingestion could effectively protect the stomach from ulceration. The gastric lesions were significantly ameliorated in the DHYW group compared with that in the model group. Treatment with DHYW markedly decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, DHYW treatment elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in stomach, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content in serum and stomach compared with those in the model group. DHYW significantly inhibited NF-κB pathway expressions in the gastric mucosa ulcer group. Taken together, DHYW exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric ulceration and the underlying mechanism might be associated with NF-κB pathway.
Source : Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained fromSyngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus
Leônia Maria Batista12*, Gedson Rodrigues De Morais Lima1, Ana Beatriz Albino De Almeida2, Luciana De Pietro Magri2, Tamara Regina Calvo2, Anderson Luiz Ferreira2,Cláudia Helena Pellizzon4, Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima3, Wagner Vilegas3, Paulo Takeo Sano5 and Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito2
Abstract
Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “sempre-vivas,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action.
Methods
The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated.
Results
In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased.
Conclusions
The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
Source : BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Study of the protective effect on intestinal mucosa of the hydrosoluble fiber Plantago ovata husk
Ana M. Sahagún1, José Vaquera2, Juan J. García1, Ángela P. Calle1, María-José Diez1,Nélida Fernández1*, Juan F. Loro3, Hugo O. Portilla1 and Matilde Sierra1
Abstract
Background Several studies have indicated that dietary fiber may have a protective effect on gastrointestinal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of the soluble fiber Plantago ovata husk against intestinal damage.
Methods To evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic effect on duodenal mucosa of the soluble fiber Plantago ovatahusk, low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) was given orally to animals once daily for 14 or 28 days with and without Plantago ovata husk (100 mg/kg). 24 h after final dosing duodenal samples were removed for anatomopathological evaluation. Villi were examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy.
Results Acetylsalicylic acid induced severe lesions in duodenal mucosa of rabbits, including erosions, epithelium disorganization, and cell vacuolization, increasing as well the amount of mononuclear and caliciform cells. Damage was much more severe in animals treated for 28 days. In groups receiving Plantago ovata husk, a significant attenuation of acetylsalicylic acid-induced lesions was already observed in group treated for 14 days, becoming more evident in those treated for 28 days, all of them with duodenal cytoarchitecture normal and similar to control animals.
Conclusions These findings suggest that Plantago ovata husk may protect intestinal mucosa probably by limiting acetylsalicylic acid penetration into epithelial cells, although further studies are needed to confirm the same effect in other experimental models of induced mucosal damage and to elucidate the mechanisms of fiber protection.
Source : BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Cytoprotective and Anti-secretory Effects of Azadiradione Isolated from the Seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem) on Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models
Abstract
Azadirachta indica is well known medicinal plant mentioned in ancient herbal texts. It has been extensively used in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic medicine and has become a luminary of modern medicine. As part of our drug discovery program we isolated azadiradione from the ethanolic extract of seeds of A. indica and evaluated for in-vivo antiulcer activity in cold restraint induced gastric ulcer model, aspirin induced gastric ulcer model, alcohol induced gastric ulcers model and pyloric ligation induced ulcer model. Azadiradione exhibited potent antiulcer activity through the inhibition of H+ K+-ATPase (proton pump) activity via its cytoprotective effect and also via its antisecretory effect. This combined effect has valuable potential in the future treatment of peptic ulceration.
Source : Phytotherapy Research
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Mechanisms of gastroprotection of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves
Abstract
Background
Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomaceae) is a small shrub with various medicinal uses. The present study was carried out to determine the gastroprotective mechanisms of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) in rats.
Methods
The extract mechanism of gastroprotection (50, 250, 500 mg/kg) was studied using the pylorus-ligation in rat model wherein volume, pH, free and total acidity of gastric juice, and gastric wall mucus content were determined. The involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds in the gastroprotective effect of MEMM were also measured. MEMM was subjected to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and phytochemical analysis and HPLC profiling
Results
MEMM contained various phyto-constituents with quercitrin being identified as part of them. MEMM and quercitrin: i) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the volume and acidity of gastric juice while increasing the pH and gastric wall mucus content.; ii) p < 0.05) increased the level of SOD, GTP and GTR while significantly (p < 0.05) reducd the level of CAT, MPO and TBARS activities.; exerted gastroprotective activity when assessed using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay, which was reversed by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthase) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, a sulfhydryl (SH) blocker). MEMM inhibited the lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities with the highest affinity for the former while quercitrin showed high affinity for XO activity.
Conclusion
MEMM exhibited a gastroprotective activity due partly to the presence of quercitrin, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and via modulation of NO and SH groups.
Source : BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Dietary functional benefits of Bartlett and Starkrimson pears for potential management of hyperglycemia, hypertension and ulcer bacteria Helicobacter pylori while supporting beneficial probiotic bacterial response
Highlights
Pear has potential for phenolic-linked management of type 2 diabetes associated hyperglycemia and hypertension.
Fermented pear juices also possess inhibitory activity of stomach ulcer relevant bacteriumHelicobacter pylori.
Pear cultivars have relevance to be included in dietary strategies for better management of early stage hyperglycemia.
This in vitro study provides conceptual foundation for animal and clinical studies involving pear to combat type 2 diabetes.
Abstract
Phenolic-linked health benefits of Bartlett and Starkrimson pear cultivars were investigated for the potential relevance in managing type 2 diabetes and hypertension using in vitro enzyme models. Further effects of fermented (0, 24, 48, and 72-h with Lactobacillus helveticus) pear juice on inhibition of Helicobacter pyloriand proliferation of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum were also evaluated. High total phenolic content along with high 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-linked free radical scavenging antioxidant activities were observed in peel extracts of both cultivars. In vitro enzyme assays with peel and pulp extracts also indicated high inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase used as models for anti-hyperglycemia benefits. Only the aqueous pulp extract of Bartlett pear had angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity used as model for anti-hypertension benefits. Fermented acidic pH samples of both cultivars showed H. pylori inhibition at 48 and 72 h, while fermented sample of Starkrimson even showed inhibition at 24 h. Both cultivar extracts did not inhibit growth of probiotic B. longum
Source : Food Research International
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Protective role of ellagitannins from Eucalyptus citriodora against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation and calcitonin-gene related peptide
- Eman Al-Sayeda, , , ,
- Reem N. El-Nagab
Abstract
The gastroprotective activity of an ellagitannin-rich fraction obtained from Eucalyptus citriodora (ECF) was investigated against ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. The rats were pretreated with ECF (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) 1 h before the administration of absolute ethanol to induce acute gastric ulceration. The gastric lesions were significantly reduced by all doses of ECF. Notably, pre-treatment with ECF (100 mg/kg) conferred 99.6% gastroprotection, which is significantly higher than that produced by omeprazole. Moreover, ECF administration markedly increased the mucin content in a dose-dependent manner. The potent gastroprotective effect of ECF could be partly mediated by attenuating ethanol-induced oxidative stress. ECF-pre-treatment markedly increased the depleted GSH and SOD levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ECF significantly decreased the elevated MDA tissue levels induced by ethanol administration. The results demonstrated that ECF administration exerted a powerful anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the reduction in the pro-inflammatory markers; IL-1β, TNF-α, 5-LO and COX-2. Additionally, the caspase-3 tissue levels were significantly reduced in the groups pre-treated with ECF. These results suggest that ECF could exert a beneficial gastroprotective effect through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Furthermore, ECF pre-treatment significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced decrease in CGRP expression, which has a protective role against gastric ulceration. Histopathological examination revealed intact mucosal layer, absence of hemorrhage and necrosis in groups treated with ECF. Ellagitannins were identified as the major active constituents responsible for the marked antioxidant and gastroprotective properties of ECF. The HPLC–PDA–ESI/MS/MS technique was employed to identify the ellagitannins of E. citriodora.
Source : Phytomedicine Journal
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Anti-ulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in male albino rats
1.Hussein O. B. Oloyede (Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240001, Nigeria )
2.Matthew C. Adaja (Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240001, Nigeria )
3.Taofeek O. Ajiboye (Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
4.Musa O. Salawu (Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240001, Nigeria )
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Carica papaya is an important fruit with its seeds used in the treatment of ulcer in Nigeria. This study investigated the anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed against indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in male rats.
METHODS: Thirty male rats were separated into 6 groups (A–F) of five rats each. For 14 d before ulcer induction with indomethacin, groups received once daily oral doses of vehicle (distilled water), cimetidine 200 mg/kg body weight (BW), or aqueous extract of C. papaya seed at doses of 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg BW (groups A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, groups B, C, D, E and F were treated with 100 mg/kg BW of indomethacin to induce ulcer formation.
RESULTS: Carica papaya seed extract significantly (P<0.05) increased gastric pH and percentage of ulcer inhibition relative to indomethacin-induced ulcer rats. The extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased gastric acidity, gastric acid output, gastric pepsin secretion, ulcer index and gastric secretion volume relative to group B. These results were similar to that achieved by pretreatment with cimetidine. Specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the extract-treated groups (D, E and F) were increased significantly over the group B (P<0.05). Pretreatment with the seed extract protected rats from the indomethacin-mediated decrease in enzyme function experienced by the group B. Similarly, indomethacin-mediated decrease in reduced glutathione level and indomethacin-mediated increase in malondialdehyde were reversed by Carica papaya extract.
CONCLUSION: In this study, pretreatment with aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed exhibited anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant effects, which may be due to the enhanced antioxidant enzymes.
Source : Journal of Integrative Medicine
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Comparative antiulcer effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin in a gastric ulcer model system
Abstract
The antiulcer effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin, a yellow pigment found mainly in rhizomes of Curcuma longa, was compared with curcumin in gastric ulcer model systems to validate its clinical application as a remedy for peptic ulcer. Western blot analysis of mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 activated with lipopolysaccharide showed that bisdemethoxycurcumin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production significantly but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[alpha]) production, whereas curcumin showed stronger suppression of iNOS protein production and inhibited TNF-[alpha] protein production significantly. However, bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin possessed similar potency in scavenging nitric oxide generated from mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that both curcuminoids inhibited the induction of iNOS dose-dependently at the transcriptional level and curcumin also appeared to inhibit the induction of TNF-[alpha] at post-transcriptional level. In an animal model, intraduodenal administration of bisdemethoxycurcumin (5-80 mg/kg body wt.) showed a strong inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats whereas curcumin (5-20 mg/kg body wt.) showed a less inhibitory effect, with maximum potency at a dose of 20 mg/kg body wt. Moreover, oral administration of bisdemethoxycurcumin at doses of 20-80 mg/kg body wt. twice daily for 10 days showed a significant curative efficacy in accelerating the healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and promotion of mucosal regeneration in the ulcerated portion in a dose-related manner with potency equal to curcumin. In contrast, the curative potency of curcumin tended to decrease at doses over 160 mg/kg body wt./day. Western blot analysis in ulcerated gastric mucosa showed that bisdemethoxycurcumin dose-dependently reduced the increased protein expression level of iNOS but not TNF-[alpha]. These results indicated that bisdemethoxycurcumin directly accelerates gastric ulcer healing with potency equal to curcumin. Its antiulcer effect might be due to its properties of decreasing gastric acid secretion and enhancing the mucosal defensive mechanism through suppression of iNOS-mediated inflammation.
Source : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology
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A REVIEW ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
1Elisa Colombo, 1Enrico Sangiovanni, 1, 2Mario Dell'Agli*
1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, and 2Research Centre for
Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Compounds-G. Galli, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano, Italy
Abstract
PG is used in the traditional medicine of different Asian cultures for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The biological activity of pomegranate has been widely investigated, including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The beneficial effects are mostly the cardiovascular protective role, neuroprotective activity, hypoglycemic effect and anticancer properties, in particular against prostate, colon and breast cancer; the anticancer effect are limited only to in vitro and animal studies. The gastrointestinal tract represents an important barrier between the human hosts and microbial populations. One potential consequence of host-microbial interactions is the development of mucosal inflammation, which can lead to gastritis and ulcer. Gastritis defined as inflammation of the gastric mucosa can be caused by endogenous and exogenous factors including acid, pepsin, stress, and noxious agents such as alcohol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection and smoking. Conversely, inflammatory bowel diseases, among which Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are the most common inflammatory-related diseases in the gut; inflammatory bowel diseases occur in response to genetic or environmental factors and are characterized by the uncontrolled response of the intestinal immune system against the normal enteric microflora, leading to abdominal pain and chronic diarrhoea.
Although the anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate and its major components have been widely described in the literature and some papers have been published at this regard, surprisingly this effect has not been reviewed till now. The aim of the present review is to summarize the evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract.
The review has been organized in three parts: 1) a first one is devoted to the modifications of pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract, with particular attention to the intestinal metabolites; 2) a second one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate and individual compounds at gastric level; 3) a third part considering the antiinflammatory effect of pomegranate and individual compounds in the gut, taking into account also the main metabolites which are formed by microbial biotransformation after pomegranate consumption. In vivo studies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel and flowers demonstrate high anti-ulcer effect in a variety of animal models. Ellagic acid was found to be the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ellagitannins, which have not yet been studied, could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture.Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. Oil derived from PG seeds and its major 3 component punicic acid, inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the modulation of PPAR-γ and δ, whereas pomegranate peel extracts, and the pure compounds
punicalagins and ellagic acid, inhibit the expression and secretion of several inflammatory mediators. The inhibitory effect is ascribed to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and involves the MAPKs system as well. Between urolithins, urolithins A has been shown to possess a significant antiinflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that this compound, and not its
precursor EA, could be the main responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties observed with PG extracts in the gut. Unfortunately, no clinical studies addressing the anti-inflammatory activity of PG at the gastro-intestinal level have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies on antiinflammatory activity at the gastrointestinal tract are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate for human health.
Conclusion
Few in vitro studies have been performed with PG peel extracts to evaluate anti H. pylori activity. These extracts are able to reduce significantly the growth of this pathogen, which is considered the aetiological agent mainly responsible for human gastritis.
In vivo studies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel and flowers, demonstrate high anti-ulcer effect in a variety of animal models. EA was found to be the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ETs, which have not yet been studied, could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture. With the exception of EA, the effect of the pure compounds at the gastric
level was not investigated; this should be carefully considered for the future studies, since these molecules appear to be unmodified at the gastric level. Conversely, the positive effect of EA has been widely demonstrated, and the effect is corroborated by other studies performed on other plants: ethanolic extract from Ficus glomerata fruit (FGE) contained 0.36% w/w of EA and showed significant dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic in different models of induced gastritis (pylorus ligation, ethanol and cold stress) [69]; moreover, the hydroalcoholic extract of Anogeissus latifolia (50% alcohol) containing 0.25% w/w of EA, has been shown to possess gastro-protective activity [70] due to the presence of EA. In addition, methanol stem bark extract of Lafoensia pacari containing 23.4% 19 of EA showed gastro-protective and ulcer healing effects in animal models strictly associated to the
presence of great amounts of EA in the extract [71], and an improvement of the gastric symptoms in patients with H. pylori gastritis was observed [72]. The mechanism of action by which EA shows anti-ulcer activity is partially attributed to the inhibitory effect on the gastric H+, K+-ATPase, in addition to the anti-H. pylori activity [38].
Unfortunately, no clinical studies coping with the anti-inflammatory activity of PG at the gastric level have been found, thus suggesting that the effect of the extracts and individual compounds in this area need to be elucidated. In particular, it is necessary to draw clinical trials considering the effects of PG extracts in patients with H. pylori-induced gastritis, alone or in combination with antibiotics. Different preparations of PG, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, in addition to the juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. From all the studies taken into consideration in the present review, some conclusions can be drawn. First of all, the pure compounds occurring in PG fruits seem to act through different pathways. Oil derived from PG seeds and its major component PuA, could inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, IL-12 and TNF-α) through the modulation of PPAR-γ and δ. This is not true for PG peel extracts, as well as their components punicalagins and EA, since they do not show any effect on PPAR signalling; conversely, the main effect is due to the inhibition of the expression and secretion of several inflammatory mediators (i.e. IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2). The inhibitory effect is ascribed to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and involves the MAPKs system as well. This effect was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo for the extracts and the pure compound punicalagin, while contradictory results were found for EA, since it seems to be effective also in studies performed in vivo. This might be explained considering the metabolic fate of PG phenolic compounds. In fact, different studies demonstrate a strong interaction between gut microbiota and PG polyphenols (i.e EA) that are metabolized by intestinal microflora to urolithins. These metabolites themselves could modulate gut microbiota, enhancing the growth of beneficial strains in spite of pathogenic ones. Between urolithins, urolithins A has been shown to possess a significant antiinflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that this compound, and not its precursor EA, could be the main responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties observed with PG extracts in the gut. However it has been also showed that the inflammatory status alters the composition of intestinal microbiota, changing its metabolic capacity and the bioavailability of phenolic compounds [60]. This statement is corroborated by observation that, after consumption of PG extract, the phenolic profile of faeces obtained from healthy and DSS-fed rats is deeply changed: in normal conditions EA and punicalagin are completely metabolized to urolithins A, whereas in inflammatory conditions they can be found unmodified in the colon [60]. This suggests that 20 biological effects of urolithins, and consequently PG, could be strictly related to the composition of individual microbiota and to the intestinal inflammatory status. For this reason, although the studies reported herein seem to recommend PG consumption to prevent or treat gastro-intestinal inflammation, future clinical studies on anti-inflammatory activity at the gastrointestinal tract are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of PG for human health.
Source : Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Anti-secretagogue and antiulcer effects of 'Cinnamon' Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats
Saleh Alqasoumi
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, P. O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of 'Cinnamon' Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats. The aqueous suspension of cinnamon (250 and 500 mg/kg) has been screened using pylorus ligation (Shay) rat model, necrotizing agents and indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats. Histopathological assessment was done on gastric tissue of rats. Gastric wall mucus and nonprotein-sulfhydryl contents were also estimated. Cinnamon suspension pretreatment decreased the basal gastric acid secretion volume and rumenal ulceration in pylorus ligated rats. The suspension effectively inhibited gastric hemorrhagic lesions induced by 80% ethanol, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, and 25% sodium chloride. The cinnamon suspension also showed antiulcer activity against indomethacin. Pretreatment with cinnamon suspension offered a dose-dependent protection against various histological indices. Treatment of rats with cinnamon replenished the ethanol-induced decreased levels of gastric wall mucus and nonprotein-sulfhydryl concentrations. The gastroprotection of cinnamon observed in the present study is attributed to its effect through inhibition of basal gastric secretion (attenuation of aggressive factors) and stimulation mucus secretion (potentiation of defensive factors); and increase in nonprotein-sulfhydryl concentration probably due to prostaglandin-inducing abilities mediated through its antioxidant property.
Source : Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Vol. 4(4) pp. 53-61, July 2012
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