Research - Selenium
Binge drinking affects kidney function, osmotic balance, aldosterone levels, and arterial pressure in adolescent rats: the potential hypotensive effect of selenium mediated by improvements in oxidative balance
Paula Sobrino, María Luisa Ojeda, Fátima Nogales, María Luisa Murillo & Olimpia Carreras
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) during adolescence is related to hypertension. There are, however, few studies concerning the effects of BD on kidney function and osmotic balance in relation to arterial pressure. The mechanism by which BD affects kidney function is related to oxidation and inflammation. Recently, Se, an essential trace element possessing antioxidant properties, has also been shown to be related to renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity. This study examined the protective effects of 0.4 ppm selenite administered to adolescent rats in an intermittent i.p. BD model. BD consumption depleted kidney and serum Se deposits, decreased GPx activity, and increased biomolecule oxidation in these locations. In the kidneys, GPx1, GPx3, GPx4, and NF-κB expression also decreased, coinciding with an increase in caspase-3 expression. BD decreased creatinine clearance and fractional Na+ excretion (EFNa), increased transtubular K+ excretion (TTKG) and serum aldosterone (Aldo) levels, and reduced relative Aldo clearance. These effects led to hypernatremia, low urinary flow, and high systolic blood pressure. Se supplementation to BD rats significantly improved oxidative balance, and kidney GPx, NF-κB, and caspase-3 expression; slightly increased EFNa and slightly decreased TTKG and serum Aldo levels; and greatly increased relative Aldo clearance. Se supplementation did not, however, modify creatinine clearance. In conclusion, BD triggers kidney osmotic and ionic imbalances, which contribute to increasing systolic blood pressure. These disturbances could be related in part to Se and selenoprotein GPxs, which decrease oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic alterations in the kidneys. Se supplementation prevents these changes, improves ionic disturbances, and decreases serum Aldo levels and systolic blood pressure.
Source : Journal Hypertension Research
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Selenium status and cardiovascular diseases: meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials
X Zhang1,4, C Liu2,4, J Guo3 and Y Song
Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Selenium was thought to have a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) owing to its antioxidant properties; however, evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been inconsistent and controversial. We thus conducted a meta-analysis to assess the discrepancies between observational and randomized trial evidence.
Subjects/Methods:
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for eligible prospective studies regarding the relationship between selenium and CVD up to 15 December 2013 and finally included 16 prospective observational studies and 16 RCTs. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). Generalized least-squares trend test and restricted cubic spline model were performed to assess a linear and a nonlinear dose–response relationship.
Results:
Our meta-analysis of prospective studies showed a nonlinear relationship of CVD risk with blood selenium concentrations across a range of 30–165 μg/l and a significant benefit of CVD within a narrow selenium range of 55–145 μg/l. Our meta-analyses of RCTs showed that oral selenium supplements (median dose: 200 μg/day) for 2 weeks to 144 months significantly raised the blood selenium concentrations by 56.4 μg/l (95% confidence interval (CI): 40.9, 72.0 μg/l), whereas oral selenium supplements (median: 100 μg/day) for 6 to 114 months caused no effect on CVD (RR=0.91; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.10).
Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis in prospective studies demonstrated a significant inverse association between selenium status and CVD risk within a narrow selenium range and a null effect of selenium supplementation on CVD was observed in RCTs. These findings indicate the importance of considering selenium status, dose and safety in health assessment and future study design.
Source : European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Selenium added unripe carica papaya pulp extracts enhance wound repair through TGF-β1 and VEGF-a signalling pathway
Abdulrazaq Bidemi Nafiu1 and Mohammad Tariqur Rahman2*
Abstract
Background
Increased wound healing efficiency by Se 2+ added Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) fruit extract was linked to increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses during healing.
We investigated the impact of Se 2+ or Zn 2+ added papaya water (WE) and phosphate-buffered saline (PE) extracts on cells recruitment and bio-molecular alterations on days 4 and 10 post wounding in an in vivo excision wound.
Methods
Excision wounds were created on the dorsum of Sprague Dawley rats and treated topically twice/day with 20 μL of PE and WE (5 mg extract/mL), 0.5 μgSe 2+ added PE and WE (PES and WES), or 100 μMZn 2+ added PE and WE (PEZ and WEZ). Deionised water (negative) and Solcoseryl (positive) were applied on the control groups. Histochemical and biochemical assays were used to evaluate cellular and bio-molecular changes in the wound.
Results
PES (PE + 0.5 μg Se 2+ ) only increased significantly (p < 0.05) wound total protein content (95.14 ± 1.15 mg/g tissue vs positive control; 80.42 ± 0.86 mg/g tissue) on day 10 post wounding. PES increased significantly (p < 0.05) the number of fibroblasts/high power field (HPF) (75.60 ± 9.66) but decreased significantly (p < 0.05) the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes/HPF (59.20 ± 12.64) in the wound compared to positive control (50.60 ± 12.58 fibroblasts/HPF, 101.00 ± 27.99 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/HPF) on day 4. Similar results were recorded for WES. PES demonstrated increased neovascularization, TGF-β1 and VEGFA expressions at day 4 and increased collagen at day 10.
Conclusion
Papaya extract improved wound repair by increasing fibroblasts recruitment and reducing polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration through early transient expressions of TGF-β1 and VEGFA at the wound area. The processes were amplified with Se 2+ addition.
Source :BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Selenium status in UK pregnant women and its relationship with hypertensive conditions of pregnancy
Margaret P. Rayman, 1 ,* Sarah C. Bath, 1 Jacob Westaway, 2 Peter Williams, 3 Jinyuan Mao, 1 Jessica J. Vanderlelie, 2Anthony V. Perkins, 2 and Christopher W. G. Redman 4
Abstract
Dietary intake/status of the trace mineral Se may affect the risk of developing hypertensive conditions of pregnancy, i.e. pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PE/PIH). In the present study, we evaluated Se status in UK pregnant women to establish whether pre-pregnant Se status or Se supplementation affected the risk of developing PE/PIH. The samples originated from the SPRINT (Selenium in PRegnancy INTervention) study that randomised 230 UK primiparous women to treatment with Se (60 μg/d) or placebo from 12 weeks of gestation. Whole-blood Se concentration was measured at 12 and 35 weeks, toenail Se concentration at 16 weeks, plasma selenoprotein P (SEPP1) concentration at 35 weeks and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity at 12, 20 and 35 weeks. Demographic data were collected at baseline. Participants completed a FFQ. UK pregnant women had whole-blood Se concentration lower than the mid-range of other populations, toenail Se concentration considerably lower than US women, GPx3 activity considerably lower than US and Australian pregnant women, and low baseline SEPP1 concentration (median 3·00, range 0·90–5·80 mg/l). Maternal age, education and social class were positively associated with Se status. After adjustment, whole-blood Se concentration was higher in women consuming Brazil nuts (P= 0·040) and in those consuming more than two seafood portions per week (P= 0·054). A stepwise logistic regression model revealed that among the Se-related risk factors, only toenail Se (OR 0·38, 95 % CI 0·17, 0·87, P= 0·021) significantly affected the OR for PE/PIH. On excluding non-compliers with Se treatment, Se supplementation also significantly reduced the OR for PE/PIH (OR 0·30, 95 % CI 0·09, 1·00, P= 0·049). In conclusion, UK women have low Se status that increases their risk of developing PE/PIH. Therefore, UK women of childbearing age need to improve their Se status.
Source : British Journal of Nutrition
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Optimal Serum Selenium Concentrations Are Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms and Negative Mood among Young Adults1,2,3
Abstract
Background: There is evidence that low, and possibly high, selenium status is associated with depressed mood. More evidence is needed to determine whether this pattern occurs in young adults with a wide range of serum concentrations of selenium.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if serum selenium concentration is associated with depressive symptoms and daily mood states in young adults.
Methods: A total of 978 young adults (aged 17–25 y) completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale and reported their negative and positive mood daily for 13 d using an Internet diary. Serum selenium concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ANCOVA and regression models tested the linear and curvilinear associations between decile of serum selenium concentration and mood outcomes, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, and weekly alcohol intake. Smoking and childhood socioeconomic status were further controlled in a subset of participants.
Results: The mean ± SD serum selenium concentration was 82 ± 18 μg/L and ranged from 49 to 450 μg/L. Participants with the lowest serum selenium concentration (62 ± 4 μg/L; decile 1) and, to a lesser extent, those with the highest serum selenium concentration (110 ± 38 μg/L; decile 10) had significantly greater adjusted depressive symptoms than did participants with midrange serum selenium concentrations (82 ± 1 to 85 ± 1 μg/L; deciles 6 and 7). Depressive symptomatology was lowest at a selenium concentration of ∼85 μg/L. Patterns for negative mood were similar but more U-shaped. Positive mood showed an inverse U-shaped association with selenium, but this pattern was less consistent than depressive symptoms or negative mood.
Conclusions: In young adults, an optimal range of serum selenium between ∼82 and 85 μg/L was associated with reduced risk of depressive symptomatology. This range approximates the values at which glutathione peroxidase is maximal, suggesting that future research should investigate antioxidant pathways linking selenium to mood
Source : The Journal of Nutrition
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Selenium in Bone Health: Roles in Antioxidant Protection and Cell Proliferation
Huawei Zeng *, Jay J. Cao and Gerald F. Combs Jr.
Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health.
Conclusion
Selenium is an essential nutrient that appears to play a role in bone health. That role is likely to involve the functions of selenoproteins. Many, if not all, selenoproteins are antioxidant enzymes that participate in maintaining cell redox balance, which is important in the regulation of inflammation and bone cell proliferation/differentiation. Selenium may play additional cellular roles, particularly at supranutritional doses, i.e., doses greater than those required for maximal selenoprotein expression. These include the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, immune function, and the prevention of the bone resorption through the inactivation of osteoclasts (Figure 2). These cellular activities of Se at both nutritional and supranutritional doses may partially account for the potential protection against rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and ROS produced by osteoclasts during bone remodeling.
Source : Journal Nutrients
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Combination of Selenium and Green Tea Improves the Efficacy of Chemoprevention in a Rat Colorectal Cancer Model by Modulating Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers
Ying Hu mail, Graeme H. McIntosh, Richard K. Le Leu, Laura S. Nyskohus, Richard J. Woodman,Graeme P. Young
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of selenium and green tea holds promise in cancer prevention. In this study, we evaluated the efficacies of selenium and green tea administered individually and in combination against colorectal cancer in an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat colonic carcinogenesis model and determined the underlying mechanisms of the protection. Four-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with diets containing 0.5% green tea extract, 1ppm selenium as selenium-enriched milk protein, or combination of 1ppm selenium and 0.5% green tea extract. Animals received 2 AOM (15 mg/kg) treatments to induce colonic oncogenesis. Rats were killed 8 or 30 wk later after the last AOM to examine the effect of dietary intervention on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation or tumor development. On sacrifice, colons were examined for ACF and tumors, the mRNA levels of SFRP5 and Cyclin D1, and the proteins levels of ß-catenin, COX-2, Ki-67, DNMT1 and acetyl histone H3. The combination of selenium and green tea resulted in a significant additive inhibition of large ACF formation, this effect was greater than either selenium or green tea alone, P<0.01; the combination also had a significant additive inhibition effect on all tumor endpoints, the effect of the combination diet on tumor incidence, multiplicity and size was greater than selenium or green tea alone, P<0.01. Rats fed the combination diet showed marked reduction of DNMT1 expression and induction of histone H3 acetylation, which were accompanied by restoration of SFRP5 mRNA in normal-appearing colonic crypts. The combination diet also significantly reduced ß-catenin nuclear translocation, Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. These data show, for the first time, that combination of selenium and green tea is more effective in suppressing colorectal oncogenesis than either agent alone. The preventive effect is associated with regulation of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers implicated in colonic carcinogenesis.
Source : Plos One
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