Research - Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L)
Free radical scavenging activity and DNA damage protective effect of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.)
Tri Agus Siswoyo1*, Madios Aldino1 and Keizo Hoshokawa2
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Kalimantan III/23, Jember 65121, Indonesia.
2Department of Nutritional Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hyogo, Kakogawa 675-0195, Japan.
Abstract
Extracts from various parts (seeds, leaves and seed peels) of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) were examined for phenolic contents, free radical scavenging capacity and DNA damage protecting activity. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were evaluated according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, and a colorimetric method, respectively. The results showed that the total phenol varied from 5.97 and 9.91 mg GAE/g extract. Flavonoid contents were between 0.85 and 3.14 mg QE/g extract. The antioxidant or free radical scavenging activities of their sample extracts were investigated by employing in vitro assay systems including the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power, and protections against hydroxyl radical-mediated DNA damages. The result showed that seed extracts exhibited highest antioxidant activities effect against free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS anion and showed activities similar to those of vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in a linoleic acid emulsion assay system. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activity of melinjo tissue was in the order of seeds > leaves > seed peels. Moreover, all samples also exhibited notable reducing power and protected hydroxyl radical induced oxidative DNA damage. The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by extract from different tissues of melinjo.
Source : Journal of Medicinal Plant Research
Link to Full Article
Tri Agus Siswoyo1*, Madios Aldino1 and Keizo Hoshokawa2
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Kalimantan III/23, Jember 65121, Indonesia.
2Department of Nutritional Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hyogo, Kakogawa 675-0195, Japan.
Abstract
Extracts from various parts (seeds, leaves and seed peels) of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) were examined for phenolic contents, free radical scavenging capacity and DNA damage protecting activity. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were evaluated according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, and a colorimetric method, respectively. The results showed that the total phenol varied from 5.97 and 9.91 mg GAE/g extract. Flavonoid contents were between 0.85 and 3.14 mg QE/g extract. The antioxidant or free radical scavenging activities of their sample extracts were investigated by employing in vitro assay systems including the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power, and protections against hydroxyl radical-mediated DNA damages. The result showed that seed extracts exhibited highest antioxidant activities effect against free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS anion and showed activities similar to those of vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in a linoleic acid emulsion assay system. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activity of melinjo tissue was in the order of seeds > leaves > seed peels. Moreover, all samples also exhibited notable reducing power and protected hydroxyl radical induced oxidative DNA damage. The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by extract from different tissues of melinjo.
Source : Journal of Medicinal Plant Research
Link to Full Article