Research Dyslipidemia / Hyperlipidemia
Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g.,triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood
Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream. These lipids include cholesterol, cholesterol esters (compounds), phospholipids and triglycerides. They're transported in the blood as part of large molecules called lipoproteins.
These are the five major families of blood (plasma) lipoproteins:
- chylomicrons
- very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
- intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)
- low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
- high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Management of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia – A Systematic Review
Wai-Jo J.Chan a Andrew J.McLachlan ab Edward J.Luca a Joanna E.Harnet ta
Abstract
The herb garlic (Allium sativum L.) has traditionally been used to promote ‘cardiovascular health’. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence for the efficacy and safety of garlic in the management of hypertension and dyslipidemia and the quality of that evidence by utilising the elaborated CONSORT checklist. Double-blind randomized controlled trials written in English from inception to April 2017 were identified and evaluated.
A total of 18 studies were included (n = 1069): 4 studies reported a statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (mean SBP reduction of 11.2 mmHg) and 2 studies reported a statistically significant reduction in various lipid components (LDL-C p <0.05; TC p = 0.003). Aged garlic extract (1.2 mg – 2.4 mg s-allyl cysteine/ day) and to a lesser extent coated garlic powder tablets (600 mg - 2400 mg/ day) demonstrated a hypotensive effect. Evidence for the role of garlic in the management of dyslipidemia is, however, less clear. Minor side effects were reported.
Further high quality research is required to confirm these findings. The authors recommend researchers refer to the item 4 of the elaborated CONSORT checklist in the design and reporting phase of their studies.
Source : Journal of Herbal Medicine
Link to Full Article
The effect of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) as an ancient medicinal plant on improving blood lipids
TaherehArablouaNaheedAryaeianb
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) is a plant that is used as a popular spice in foods, desserts and drinks all around the world. This plant is native to Asia and has been used since ancient times in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. To date, several properties of ginger such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation activities have been studied and the effect of the plant to reduce pain and improve nausea and vomiting has been established. Among human and animal studies that have been carried out in recent years on the properties of ginger, some literature aimed to investigate the effect of this plant on blood lipids. In this review, we consider those studies and their possible enzymatic and molecular mechanisms regarding the effect of ginger on lipid profiles.
Conclusion
This paper aimed to address the question of whether ginger has a reducing effect on blood lipids. Therefore, we discussed relevant human studies on this effect and the possible explanatory mechanisms. In the cited clinical trials, different doses of ginger powder (range 13 g) in different time periods (range 45 days–12 weeks) were used. According to our literature findings regarding the effect of ginger consumption on lipid profile, it seems that ginger can be considered as a valuable ingredient for modifying blood lipids, especially in diabetic patients. This probable property might be due to its effective antioxidants, including gingerols and shogaols. However, because of the lack of clinical trials in this field, it is necessary to conduct further human studies that examine the use of various amounts of ginger during a longer period of time. Also, other experimental human studies to characterize the possible mechanisms of the effect of ginger on blood lipids are recommended.
Source : Journal Herbal Medicine
Link to Full Article
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel hydro alcoholic extract ameliorates cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with dyslipidemia: A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study
- Mahdiyeh Khadem Haghighiana, ,
- Maryam Rafrafa, , ,
- Abdolvahab Moghaddamb, ,
- Salar Hemmatic, ,
- Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadid, ,
- Bahram Pourghassem Gargarie,
Abstract
IntroductionDyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate and its polyphenols may have hypolipidemic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pomegranate peel extract on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients with dyslipidemia.
MethodsThirty eight obese women (30< body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2) with dyslipidemia were allocated into two groups receiving two 500 mg pomegranate peel extract (n = 19) or placebo (n = 19) daily for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG)), Blood Pressure(BP), serum high sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and BMIwere measured.
ResultsPomegranate peel extract significantly decreased post treatment levels of serum TC (p = 0.014), LDL-C (p = 0.021), and TG (p = 0.036) and increased HDL-C (p = 0.020)compared to baseline. There was a significant decrease in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) levels and hs-CRP in pomegranate peel group whereas Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) levels and BMI remained unchanged after intervention. No significant changes were seen in terms of all post treatment values for the placebo group at the end of trial (p > 0.05). After adjusting for the baseline values, energy intake and weight changes, there were significant differences in post-treatment values between the two groups except in serum concentrations of HDL-C, DBP and BMI.
ConclusionsCurrent study showed a positive effect of pomegranate peel extract in improving cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with dyslipidemia.
Source : Sci-Hub via European Journal of Herbal Medicine
Link to Full Article
The Serum Lipid Lowering Effect of Rugosa Rose Petal Extract Rich in Polyphenols in Adults with High Serum Triglyceride
Takashi YAMAGISHI1,2, Keiji TAKANO1,3, Sumio KONDO41
Harunire Bio Institute Ltd.2 Kitami Institute of Technology3 DRC Ltd.4 Medical Corporation Kenshou-kai Fukushima Health Care Center
Abstract
Objective: Hypertriglyceridemia or elevated serum triglyceride (TG) is a leading risk factor for developing atherosclerotic cardio-vascular diseases. This clinical study was designed to test the potential of polyphenol-rich extract from Rosa rugosa petals (PE) for improving hypertriglyceridemia and other types of dyslipidemia.
Methods: An open-label clinical study was conducted on 19 male and female adult subjects with elevated serum TG (120–399mg/dL), who were intervened the study diet containing (in a daily dose) 200mg of PE once daily for sss4 weeks. The serum levels of TG and cholesterols were measured at baseline and week-4. The efficacy was evaluated by comparing the measurements at these two time points.
Results: A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum TG, as well as in serum total cholesterol and non HDL-cholesterol, and a marginal-ly significant decrease (P=0.070) in serum LDL-cholesterol were observed, while serum HDL-cholesterol was virtually not changed. The study diet was well tolerated without any untoward side effect
.Conclusions: The PE-containing diet appears to have benefits in improving hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia
Source : Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Link to Abstract
The protective effect of the Cornus mas fruits (cornelian cherry) on hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis through PPAR[alpha] activation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits have been used in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine in various countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the constituents and impact of cornelian cherry (C. mas L.) fruits lyophilisate on lipid levels, PPAR[alpha] protein expression, atheromatous changes in the aorta, oxidoredox state, and proinflammatory cytokines in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The HPLC-MS method was used for determining active constituents in cornelian cherry. In a subsequent in vivo study the protective effect of the cornelian cherry on diet-induced hyperlipidemia was studied using a rabbit model fed 1% cholesterol. Cornelian cherry (100 mg/kg b.w.) or simvastatin (5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally for 60 days. Two iridoids--loganic acid and cornuside--and five anthocyanins were identified as the main constituents of the cornelian cherry. The administering of the cornelian cherry led to a 44% significant decrease in serum triglyceride levels, as well as prevented development of atheromatous changes in the thoracic aorta. Cornelian cherry significantly increased PPAR[alpha] protein expression in the liver, indicating that its hypolipidemic effect may stem from enhanced fatty acid catabolism. Simvastatin treatment did not affect PPAR-[alpha] expression. Moreover, the cornelian cherry had a significant protective effect on diet- induced oxidative stress in the liver, as well as restored upregulated proinflammatory cytokines serum levels. In conclusion, we have shown loganic acid to be the main iridoid constituent in the European cultivar of the cornelian cherry, and proven that the cornelian cherry could have protective effects on diet-induced hypertriglicerydemia and atherosclerosis through enhanced PPAR[alpha] protein expression and via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Source : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology via Free Library
Link to Full Article
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids in postmenopausal women with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre, Mario Flores, Nayeli Macias, Amado D. Quezada, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Jorge Salmerón
Abstract
Background & aims
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that has become an increasing public health problem. Dyslipidemia is especially relevant in vulnerable populations such as postmenopausal women. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D have been associated with an unfavourable lipid profile. Due to contradictory findings from intervention trials, we investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
A total of 104 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to 1 of 2 groups taking a daily tablet for 6 months: a group consuming 4000 IU tablets of a vitamin D supplement (vitamin D group n = 52) or a group consuming placebo tablets (placebo group n = 52).
Results
The study was completed by 99 participants. However, as the analysis was based on an intention-to-treat approach, all 104 women were included in the final analysis. In the vitamin D group mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 improved significantly at the end of the follow-up period (+25.5 nmol/L; P = <0.001). Our findings revealed no significant changes in low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins and total cholesterol concentrations, but did identify a greater decrease in serum triglycerides in the vitamin D group. The average effect of supplementation on the treated group was −34.24 mg/dL (P = 0.021), while the average treatment effect was −31.8 mg/dL (P = 0.023).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that supplementation with vitamin D (4000 IU/d) may have a beneficial effect on serum triglyceride levels without otherwise affecting levels of other lipids
Source : Clinical Nutrition
Link to abstract
Oral Administration of Pomegranate Seed Oil Shows Favorable Effects on Lipid Profiles of Hyperlipidemic Subjects
Mirmiran P, Fazeli MR, Asghari G, Shafiee A, Azizi F. Effect of pomegranate seed oil on hyperlipidaemic subjects: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:402-406.
Normalization of dyslipidemia has been shown to prevent or reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In order to avoid the adverse effects associated with pharmacologic therapies, research has been focusing on non-pharmacologic hypolipidemic alternatives. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that punicic acid (PA), the conjugated fatty acid which is the main constituent of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil (PSO), has anti-atherogenic effects. PSO consists of about 80% conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acids, with a high content of 9-cis-, 11-trans-, 13-cis-acid or PA, one of the isomers of conjugated linolenic acid (CLN).1 This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was aimed at determining the effect of PSO treatment on serum lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic subjects.
Forty-five hyperlipidemic subjects aged over 20 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m2, serum total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/l, and serum triacylglycerol (TAG) > 1.65 mmol/l were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 25) or the control (n = 26) groups, and received 400 mg of PSO (Pometane; Vitane Pharma Gmbh Inc; Wolfratshausen, Germany) or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks. Mean values for baseline body weight and age were 74.2 [standard deviation (SD) 10.0] and 75.7 (SD 12.2) kg, and 51 (SD 9) and 55 (SD 9) years for the PSO and placebo groups, respectively. No significant differences between the groups were seen for age, sex, weight, height, dietary intake, physical activity, and consumption of lipid lowering drugs. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, as well as waist:hip ratio and body composition, were measured before and 4 weeks after intervention. Differences between the 2 groups at baseline were tested with Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test. Paired Student's t test and Wilcoxon ranked test were used to compare the baseline and 4-week values in each group. Analysis of covariance was used to distinguish treatment effect between the groups following adjustment of their baseline values.
PSO administration resulted in a decrease in serum TAG concentration [2.75 mmol/l (SD 1.40) versus 3.45 mmol/l (SD 1.56); P < 0.01] and a non-significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration compared with baseline values; TAG:HDL-C ratio decreased significantly within the PSO group [5.73 (SD 4.55) versus 7.49 (SD 4.95); P < 0.031]. Comparison of treatment effects between the groups with baseline values as covariates revealed decreased values for cholesterol:HDL-C [5.45 (SD 1.51) versus 5.89 (SD 1.43); P < 0.05] and non-significantly higher HDL-C concentrations [1.38 mmol/l (SD 0.44) versus 1.25 mmol/l (SD 0.26); P = 0.059] in the PSO group, compared to placebo. Other lipid profile variables including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and LDL-C:HDL-C ratio revealed no significant differences within or between groups. A trend toward a reduced fat mass, BMI, and waist:hip ratio was noted in the PSO group. Mean differences in HDL-C concentration and cholesterol:HDL-C ratio were significant when the treatment group was compared to the placebo group (0.13 versus -0.02 mmol/l; -0.42 versus 0.01, respectively; P < 0.05).
The authors conclude that PSO consumption in hyperlipidemic subjects reduced serum TAG concentration, TAG:HDL-C and cholesterol:HDL-C ratio compared to placebo during the 4-week study period. Given the indication that each mg/dl increase in HDL-C corresponds to a 2-3% risk reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD), the decrease in serum TAG (from 3.45 to 2.75 mmol/l) and HDL-C increase of 50 mg/l observed in this study seems clinically valuable, reflecting a 10-15% risk reduction of CHD. Further studies with larger samples and longer duration are needed to confirm the effects and mechanisms of action of PSO.
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }—p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }Silvia Giovanelli Ris
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }Reference
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }1Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;109:177-206.
Source : American Botanical Council
Link to Source